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Windows服务常用的功能就是启动服务，关闭服务，重启服务和查询服务运行状态，其中查询服务运行状态是其他三种操作的基础。
本文中提到的使用Python脚本管理Windows服务实际上是调用win32serviceutil模块，此模块来自pywin32包，此模块本身有管理服务的功能，有兴趣的可以去阅读它的部分源码。
本脚本存在的目的是为了熟练Python的语法和基本操作，Windows下有更好的命令行工具来管理服务，如sc、Powershell等。通常命令行工具的执行速度要比services.msc工具要快得多。
本脚本实现的功能：
1.利用docopt解析命令行参数，-h和--help查看使用帮助，允许服务名和动作这个两个参数互换，如service mysql start和service start mysql具有同等作用
2.Windows平台下启动服务，关闭服务，重启服务和查询服务运行状态
脚本内容如下：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 | #!/usr/bin/python # encoding: utf-8 # -*- coding: utf8 -*- """ Created by PyCharm. File: LinuxBashShellScriptForOps:ServiceControl.py User: Guodong Create Date: 2016/10/14 Create Time: 17:57 Example of program with many options using docopt, control system service. Usage: ServiceControl.py SERVICE_NAME SERVICE_ACTION ServiceControl.py SERVICE_ACTION SERVICE_NAME ServiceControl.py --version | -v ServiceControl.py --help | -h Arguments: SERVICE_NAME service name SERVICE_ACTION service action in ["start", "stop", "restart", "status"] Options: -h --help show this help message and exit -v --version show version and exit """ import sys import codecs import locale import psutil import win32serviceutil import time from collections import OrderedDict from docopt import docopt UNKNOWN = 0 STOPPED = 1 START_PENDING = 2 STOP_PENDING = 3 RUNNING = 4 status_code = { 0 : "UNKNOWN" , 1 : "STOPPED" , 2 : "START_PENDING" , 3 : "STOP_PENDING" , 4 : "RUNNING" } def get_system_encoding(): """ The encoding of the default system locale but falls back to the given fallback encoding if the encoding is unsupported by python or could not be determined. See tickets #10335 and #5846 """ try : encoding = locale.getdefaultlocale()[ 1 ] or 'ascii' codecs.lookup(encoding) except Exception: encoding = 'ascii' return encoding DEFAULT_LOCALE_ENCODING = get_system_encoding() # try: # result = result.decode(DEFAULT_LOCALE_ENCODING) # except UnicodeDecodeError: # # UnicodeDecodeError - preventive treatment for non-latin Windows. # return '' def is_iterable(source): if source is not None : try : iter (source) except TypeError: return False return True else : raise RuntimeError( "argument cannot be None" ) def status_service(service_name): try : result = win32serviceutil.QueryServiceStatus(service_name)[ 1 ] if result = = START_PENDING: print "service %s is %s, please wait" % (service_name, status_code[result]) time.sleep( 2 ) return RUNNING elif result = = STOP_PENDING: print "service %s is %s, please wait" % (service_name, status_code[result]) time.sleep( 2 ) return STOPPED else : return result if result is not None else 0 except Exception as e: if e.message: raise RuntimeError(e.message) elif e.args: # print e.args args = list () for arg in e.args: if is_iterable(arg): args.append( unicode ( eval ( repr (arg)), 'gbk' )) else : args.append(arg) print "Error:" , args[ - 1 ], tuple (args) raise RuntimeError else : raise RuntimeError( "Uncaught exception, maybe it is a 'Access Denied'" ) # will not reach here def start_service(service_name): status = status_service(service_name) if status = = STOPPED: pass elif status = = RUNNING: print "service %s already started" % service_name return status try : print "starting %s" % service_name win32serviceutil.StartService(service_name) except Exception as e: if e.message: raise RuntimeError(e.message) elif e.args: # print e.args args = list () for arg in e.args: if is_iterable(arg): args.append( unicode ( eval ( repr (arg)), 'gbk' )) else : args.append(arg) print "Error:" , args[ - 1 ], tuple (args) raise RuntimeError else : raise RuntimeError( "Uncaught exception, maybe it is a 'Access Denied'" ) # will not reach here return status_service(service_name) def stop_service(service_name): status = status_service(service_name) if status = = STOPPED: print "service %s already stopped" % service_name return status elif status = = RUNNING: pass else : return status try : print "stopping %s" % service_name win32serviceutil.StopService(service_name) except Exception as e: if e.message: print e.message elif e.args: # print e.args args = list () for arg in e.args: if is_iterable(arg): args.append( unicode ( eval ( repr (arg)), 'gbk' )) else : args.append(arg) print "Error:" , args[ - 1 ], tuple (args) raise RuntimeError else : raise RuntimeError( "Uncaught exception, maybe it is a 'Access Denied'" ) # will not reach here return status_service(service_name) def restart_service(service_name): status = status_service(service_name) if status = = START_PENDING or status = = RUNNING: if status = = START_PENDING: time.sleep( 2 ) stop_service(service_name) status = status_service(service_name) if status = = STOPPED or status = = STOP_PENDING: if status = = STOP_PENDING: time.sleep( 2 ) return start_service(service_name) elif status = = STOPPED or status = = STOP_PENDING: print "service %s not running." % service_name return start_service(service_name) else : return status_service(service_name) def do_service(service_name, service_action): # https://docs.python.org/2/faq/design.html#why-isn-t-there-a-switch-or-case-statement-in-python # http://python.jobbole.com/82008/ valid_action = [ "start" , "stop" , "restart" , "status" ] maps = { "start" : "start_service(service_name)" , "stop" : "stop_service(service_name)" , "restart" : "restart_service(service_name)" , "status" : "status_service(service_name)" , } if service_name = = " " or service_action == " ": raise RuntimeError( "service_name and service_action cannot be empty." ) if service_action in valid_action: return eval (maps[service_action]) else : raise RuntimeError( "bad service_action '%s', valid action is %s" % (service_action, valid_action)) def list_service(): service_dict = OrderedDict() for service in psutil.win_service_iter(): service_dict[service.name()] = service.display_name() return service_dict def is_valid_service_name(service_name): if service_name.lower() in [name.lower() for name, display_name in list_service().items()]: return True else : return False if __name__ = = '__main__' : SERVICE_ACTION = [ "start" , "stop" , "restart" , "status" ] arguments = docopt(__doc__, version = '1.0.0rc2' ) if arguments[ 'SERVICE_NAME' ] ! = " " and arguments['SERVICE_ACTION'] != " ": if arguments[ 'SERVICE_ACTION' ] in SERVICE_ACTION: pass elif arguments[ 'SERVICE_NAME' ] in SERVICE_ACTION: tmp = arguments[ 'SERVICE_ACTION' ] arguments[ 'SERVICE_ACTION' ] = arguments[ 'SERVICE_NAME' ] arguments[ 'SERVICE_NAME' ] = tmp else : print __doc__ sys.exit( 1 ) if is_valid_service_name(arguments[ 'SERVICE_NAME' ]): pass else : raise RuntimeError( "server '%s' not exist" % arguments[ 'SERVICE_NAME' ]) return_code = do_service(arguments[ 'SERVICE_NAME' ], arguments[ 'SERVICE_ACTION' ]) try : print status_code[return_code] except KeyError: print "return_code is %s." % return_code else : print __doc__ sys.exit( 1 ) # TODO(Guodong Ding) run a command as administrator with administrative privilege, use 'runas' command? state_command = "C:\WINDOWS\System32\sc.exe query MySQL56" start_command = "C:\WINDOWS\System32\sc.exe start MySQL56" stop_command = "C:\WINDOWS\System32\sc.exe stop MySQL56" |
注：脚本内容可以从GitHub上找到：
运行效果如下：
注意：利用Python脚本管理Windows服务有一个难以规避的问题就是管理员权限问题，因此运行此类Python脚本时应该以管理员权限运行，特别是Windows7以及更高版本的用户。
tag:Python管理Windows服务,Python Windows服务,Python 启动停止服务
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本文转自 urey_pp 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/dgd2010/1882693，如需转载请自行联系原作者